A Brief Word About Glaucoma

Current Neuropharmacology

,

2018

,

16

,

903

-

918

REVIEW ART

I

CLE

Strategies to Reduce Oxidative Stress in Glaucoma Patients

Maria D. Pinazo

-

Durán

1,2,*

, Kian Shoaie

-

Nia

1

, Vicente Zanón

-

Moreno

1,2,3

, Silva M. Sanz

-

González

1,2

,

Javier Benítez del Castillo

4

and Jose J. García

-

Medina

1,2,5

1

Ophthalmic Research Unit Santiago Gr

isolía/FISABIO, and Cellular and Molecular Research Unit, University of Vale

n

cia,

Valencia, Spain;

2

Spanish Net of Ophthalmic Pathology OFTARED, Institute of Health Ca

r

los III, Madrid, Spain;

3

Department of Preventive Medicine & Public Healh, School of Med

icine, University of Valencia, Vale

n

cia, Spain;

4

Hospital of Jerez, Jerez de la Frontera, and Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain;

5

Universitary Hospital Reina Sofia, and Department of Experimental Ophthalmo

l

ogy, University of Mu

rcia, Murcia, Spain

Abstract:

Background

:

Primary open

-

angle glaucoma (POAG) is a multifactorial pathology

involving a var

i

ety of pathogenic mechanisms, including oxidative/nitrosative stress. This latter is

the consequence of the imbalance between exces

sive formation and insufficient protection against

rea

c

tive oxygen/nitrogen species.

Objective

:

Our main goal is to gather molecular information to better managing pathologic variants

that may determine the individual susceptibility to oxidative/nitrosati

ve stress (OS/NS) and POAG.

Method

:

An extensive search of the scientific literature was conducted using PUBMED, the Web of

Science, the Coc

h

rane Library, and other references on the topic of POAG and OS/NS from human

and animal model studies published b

e

tween 2010 and 2017. Finally, 152 works containing relevant

information that may help understanding the role of antioxidants, essential fatty acids, natural co

m-

pounds and other similar strategies for counteracting OS/NS in POAG were co

n

sidered.

Results

:

A

wide variety of studies have proven that antioxidants, among them vitamins B

3

, C and E,

Coenzyme Q10 or melatonin,

ω

-

3/

ω

-

6 fatty acids and other natural compounds (such as coffee,

green tea, bear bile, gingko biloba, coleus, tropical fruits, etc.,) may hel

p regulating the intraocular

pressure as well as protecting the retinal neurons against OS/NS in POAG.

Conclusion

:

Based on the impact of antioxidants and

ω

-

3/

ω

-

6 fatty acids at the molecular level in

the glaucomatous anterior and posterior eye segments,

further studies are needed by int

e

grating all

issues involved in glaucoma pathogenesis, endogenous and exogenous risk factors and their intera

c-

tions that will allow us to reach newer effective biotherapies for preventing glaucomatous irrevers

i-

ble blindness.

This is a good review article that goes through all the treatments for glaucoma and notes the need for more research on natural preventative options such as increasing one's intake of Omega 3.