List of all Intraocular Implants in US: and what questions do you have to ask yourself and your surgeon to choose the right one for yourself or your loved one.

The Complete Guide to Choosing Your Cataract Lens Implant (IOL)

Monofocal • Toric • Extended Depth of Focus • Multifocal • Light Adjustable Lens

By Sandra Lora Cremers, MD, FACS — Board-Certified Ophthalmologist
25+ Years of Cataract Surgery Experience

As a board-certified surgeon, I have done cataract surgery for over 25 years. The decision of which implant to choose as a patient or as a surgeon for the patient can be easy if you let your doctor know four key questions.

1. Do you want to have the best chance of not needing glasses for most activities?
2. Would you be upset if you have some halos and glare when you drive at nighttime?
3. Do you mind paying extra for a better chance at not needing progressive glasses, knowing that it is not a guarantee even if you do?
4. Where on the spectrum would you place your personality: do you consider yourself easy-going or Type A?

What Your Surgeon Evaluates

Your surgeon is going to look at three key components when deciding which implant to use:

1. Is your eyeball normal? Do you have a healthy tear film with functioning meibomian glands, a clear cornea, a healthy macula, and optic nerve—meaning you have not had any type of significant trauma? If you have diabetes, is there retinopathy and to what extent? If you have glaucoma, how severe is it?

2. Brain function: Do you have a lazy eye (amblyopia)? If you have cognitive decline or dementia, how severe is it? Will you understand and neuroadapt to the benefits of new-technology intraocular implants? The brain plays a critical role in interpreting images from premium lenses, especially multifocal IOLs.1

3. Corneal astigmatism: How much astigmatism does your cornea have? Even a small amount of astigmatism can prevent a patient from being less reliant on glasses after surgery.

Understanding Astigmatism: Why It Matters for Your IOL Choice

Astigmatism is a common refractive error caused by an irregularly shaped cornea (the clear front window of the eye). Instead of being round like a basketball, an astigmatic cornea is shaped more like a football—curved more steeply in one direction than the other. This causes light to focus at two different points inside the eye rather than one, resulting in blurred or distorted vision at all distances.

Figure 1: Normal spherical cornea focuses light to a single point. An astigmatic cornea (football-shaped) creates two focal points, causing blur.

Even 0.75 diopters of corneal astigmatism can noticeably reduce uncorrected visual acuity after cataract surgery. This is why managing astigmatism—either with a toric IOL, limbal relaxing incisions, or the post-operative adjustment capability of the Light Adjustable Lens—is a critical part of achieving the best possible glasses-free vision.

Key takeaway: If you have astigmatism, a standard monofocal lens alone will not correct it. You will need either a toric version of the implant, an additional procedure like limbal relaxing incisions, or the Light Adjustable Lens which can correct astigmatism during post-operative adjustments.

IOL Comparison Chart

Data from FDA clinical trials and published peer-reviewed literature. Binocular results at 6 months unless noted. Percentages are approximate. Costs vary by surgeon and region. Not medical advice—consult your surgeon.

IOL Name	Mfr / Type	20/20 Distance (Uncorrected)	20/20 Near (Uncorrected)	20/25 Intermediate (Uncorrected)	Glare / Halos (% Bothered)	Contrast Sensitivity	Complications & Risks	IOL Exchange Rate	Approx. Cost (per eye, premium)
MULTIFOCAL / TRIFOCAL IOLs
AcrySof IQ PanOptix	Alcon, Trifocal	~73%	~50%	~73% (2020) 86% (2025)	Glare ~10% Halos ~20–30% ~5% significant	Mild reduction vs. monofocal; worse in low light	PCO (Nd:YAG ~6%); reduced night contrast; rare CME	<1%	$2,500–$3,500
Clareon PanOptix Pro	Alcon, Trifocal	~73–80%	~50–55%	~75–80% (2025)	Glare ~6% Halos ~16–25% Improved vs. orig.	Mild reduction; Clareon = fewer glistenings	Similar to PanOptix; Clareon platform = less glistenings/haze	<1%	$2,700–$3,800
enVista Envy	Bausch+Lomb, Full Range	Comparable to monofocal	94% little/no difficulty near	Superior to monofocal	80% less bother (glare, halos, starbursts)	Minimal diff vs. monofocal (<0.15 logCS)	No serious lens-related AEs in trial; glistening-free	<1% (new to mkt)	$2,500–$3,500 (est.)
EXTENDED DEPTH OF FOCUS (EDOF) IOLs
Tecnis Synergy / OptiBlue	J&J Vision, Diffractive EDOF	~63%	~22%	~75–77% (2025)	Glare ~3% Halos ~13–16% Starbursts ~7.9%	Slight reduction vs. monofocal; OptiBlue improved	PCO; rare CME; some contrast loss; not for imperfect eyes	<1%	$1,500–$2,500
AcrySof IQ Vivity	Alcon, Non-diffractive EDOF	~69% (2025 or better)	~38–40% (20/32 functional near)	~86% (2025)	Glare ~1% Halos ~2.7% Starbursts ~1–2% (monofocal-like)	Some loss at high spatial freq.; better than MF IOLs	1–2% very bothersome visual disturbance; no explants in FDA trial	0% in FDA trial	$2,500–$3,500
ADJUSTABLE IOL
Light Adjustable Lens (LAL / LAL+)	RxSight, Photoreactive Silicone	≥monofocal; ~92% at 20/25	Blended vision; functional near (not trifocal)	LAL+ improves intermediate vs. original LAL	Minimal—monofocal-like; no diffraction	No significant difference vs. monofocal	UV glasses req'd; 3–5 extra visits; 1.7% SAE; rare explants (0.7%)	~0.7%	$3,500–$5,000+ (incl. LDD)
MONOFOCAL IOLs
Standard Monofocal (incl. ZCB00, Clareon)	Alcon/J&J/ B+L, Monofocal	~80–90% (20/25 target distance)	N/A—requires reading glasses	N/A—limited intermediate	Lowest; <3%; no dysphotopsia	Best contrast; gold standard	PCO (Nd:YAG); rare endophthalmitis (<0.05%); standard	<0.5%	Insurance covered; $0–$500 OOP
Monofocal Toric (Clareon Toric, enVista Toric, Tecnis Toric)	Various, Monofocal + astigmatism correction	~80–90% (with astigmatism correction)	N/A—requires reading glasses	N/A—limited intermediate	Lowest; <3%; identical to monofocal	Best contrast; gold standard	Same as monofocal + risk of IOL rotation (~1–3%); may need repositioning	<0.5%	$1,000–$2,000 (premium for toric)

IOL Categories: How Each Lens Works

Monofocal IOL & Monofocal Toric IOL

How It Works

The monofocal lens has a single focal point—typically set for distance vision. All light entering the eye is focused to one point, giving you the sharpest possible image at that distance with the highest contrast sensitivity of any IOL type. This is the gold standard lens and the only IOL category covered by insurance.

A monofocal toric lens is the same optical design with built-in astigmatism correction. The lens has different powers along different meridians to neutralize corneal astigmatism, like a cylindrical correction built into the implant. The toric version must be rotationally aligned during surgery to match the axis of your astigmatism.

Figure 2: Monofocal IOL — light converges to a single focal point on the retina for sharp distance vision.

20/20 Vision Without Glasses

80–90%Distance (20/20–20/25)

N/AIntermediate
(glasses required)

N/ANear/Reading
(glasses required)

Benefits

• Best contrast sensitivity and sharpest distance vision of any IOL
• Lowest incidence of halos, glare, and visual disturbances (<3%)
• Covered by insurance — no additional out-of-pocket premium
• Extremely low exchange rate (<0.5%) with decades-long safety record
• Suitable for virtually all patients, including those with macular disease, glaucoma, or dry eye
• Toric version corrects astigmatism with no additional visual side effects

Risks

• Full dependence on glasses for near and intermediate vision
• Standard surgical risks: infection/endophthalmitis (<0.05%), bleeding, retinal detachment, PCO requiring Nd:YAG laser
• Toric-specific: risk of IOL rotation (~1–3%) which may require surgical repositioning
• No ability to adjust the lens power after surgery

Monovision & Mini-Monovision

Monovision sets one eye for distance and the other for near; mini-monovision uses a smaller difference. This can reduce glasses dependence if the brain tolerates the interocular difference. A contact lens trial before surgery can help predict success. Some patients cannot tolerate it and need glasses full-time.

Extended Depth of Focus (EDOF) IOLs

How It Works

EDOF lenses stretch the single focal point into an elongated range of clear vision rather than splitting light into discrete foci. This provides a continuous range from distance through intermediate without the distinct light-splitting that causes halos in multifocal lenses. There are two main designs:

Diffractive EDOF (Tecnis Synergy/OptiBlue): Uses diffractive optics to extend the focal range with modest splitting of light.

Non-diffractive EDOF (AcrySof IQ Vivity): Uses wavefront-shaping “X-WAVE” technology to stretch the focal point without diffraction rings—resulting in a monofocal-like visual disturbance profile with extended range.2

Figure 3: EDOF IOL — stretches the focal point into an elongated zone for distance-through-intermediate clarity.

20/20 Vision Without Glasses

Tecnis Synergy / OptiBlue:

~63%Distance (20/20)

~75–77%Intermediate (20/25)

~22%Near (20/20)

AcrySof IQ Vivity:

~69%Distance (20/20)

~86%Intermediate (20/25)

~38–40%Near (20/32 functional)

Benefits

• Significantly fewer halos and glare than multifocal lenses—Vivity has monofocal-like photic phenomena (glare ~1%, halos ~2.7%)
• Good distance and intermediate vision for computer work and daily activities
• Vivity had 0% IOL exchange rate in its FDA trial
• Non-diffractive Vivity preserves contrast sensitivity better than diffractive designs
• Published data supports use in mild glaucoma (see Special Populations below)34

Risks

• Less near vision than trifocal lenses—patients may still need reading glasses for fine print
• Synergy/OptiBlue: halos ~13–16%, starbursts ~7.9%, some contrast loss
• PCO and rare CME can occur, as with any IOL
• Cost: $1,500–$3,500 per eye, not covered by insurance
• Not ideal for eyes with significant macular pathology or advanced glaucoma

Multifocal & Trifocal IOLs

How It Works

Multifocal IOLs use diffractive rings etched onto the lens surface to split incoming light into multiple focal points—typically for distance, intermediate, and near vision simultaneously. Your brain learns to select the appropriate image through a process called neuroadaptation. This is the only IOL category that provides a meaningful chance of independence from glasses at all three planes of vision.

Figure 4: Multifocal IOL — diffractive rings split light into three focal points for distance, intermediate, and near.

Available Multifocal/Trifocal Implants

AcrySof IQ PanOptix (Alcon): The original trifocal—proven track record since 2019 in the US.

Clareon PanOptix Pro (Alcon): Next-generation Clareon platform with fewer glistenings and improved halo profile.

enVista Envy (Bausch+Lomb): Newest full-range lens with remarkably low reported photic phenomena (80% less bother vs. older multifocals) and glistening-free material.

20/20 Vision Without Glasses (PanOptix/Clareon PanOptix Pro)

73–80%Distance (20/20)

75–86%Intermediate (20/25)

50–55%Near (20/20)

Why Macula & Tear Film Health Matters: If there is any issue with the macula (macular degeneration, epiretinal membrane, diabetic macular edema) or severe dry eye disease, a multifocal IOL may not be a good option. Multifocal lenses split light into multiple focal points. If the macula is unhealthy, the retina cannot clearly process images at each focal point. Severe dry eye causes an unstable tear film that scatters light across the diffractive rings, resulting in worsened halos, glare, and fluctuating vision. The lens depends on a smooth, stable optical surface to function optimally.

Benefits

• Best chance of spectacle independence across all three planes: distance, intermediate, and near
• No additional post-operative light treatments or UV glasses required
• High satisfaction rates for properly selected patients
• Newer platforms (Clareon, enVista Envy) offer improved optics vs. older generations

Risks

• Halos and glare: 10–30% of patients report noticeable halos, especially with nighttime driving. Most adapt over 3–6 months but some find it persistent
• Reduced contrast sensitivity: All multifocals cause some contrast reduction because light is split between focal points—noticeable in dim lighting
• PCO: Nd:YAG rates ~6% for PanOptix; may be more noticeable with multifocal optics
• Not adjustable: Unlike the LAL, the power cannot be fine-tuned post-operatively. Exchange rate is <1%
• Not suitable for patients with significant macular disease, advanced glaucoma (moderate-severe visual field loss), or severe dry eye
• Cost: $2,500–$3,800 per eye, not covered by insurance

The Light Adjustable Lens (LAL / LAL+)

How It Works

The Light Adjustable Lens is the only IOL that can be customized after surgery. The lens is made of a proprietary photoreactive silicone material containing light-sensitive molecules (macromers). After the eye heals (typically 2–4 weeks post-surgery), your surgeon uses a Light Delivery Device (LDD) to project a precise pattern of UV light onto the lens. This causes the macromers to migrate and polymerize, physically changing the shape—and therefore the power—of the lens.5

The process works like this:

1. Surgery: Standard phacoemulsification cataract surgery; the LAL is implanted like any other IOL.
2. Healing (2–4 weeks): You wear mandatory UV-protective glasses at all times to prevent unintended light exposure.
3. Adjustment visits (1–3 treatments): Your surgeon measures your vision, shows you options with trial lenses, then uses the LDD to adjust the lens—painless and takes less than 2 minutes.
4. Lock-in (2 treatments): Once you and your surgeon are satisfied, UV light “locks in” the final prescription permanently.

The LAL can correct sphere (-2.00 to +2.00 D), cylinder/astigmatism (-0.75 to -2.00 D), and can provide extended depth of focus with the LAL+ profile. Because the lens does not use diffractive rings, it does not split light and produces no additional halos, glare, or starbursts beyond what a monofocal lens would produce.6

Figure 5: The 4-step LAL process — implant, protect with UV glasses, adjust with LDD, lock in permanently.

20/20 Vision Without Glasses

92%20/25 or better Distance
(FDA trial: 2x monofocal)

FunctionalIntermediate
(LAL+ improves this)

VariableNear
(may need readers for fine print)

Benefits

• Post-operative customization—your final prescription is based on your real-world vision, not just pre-surgical estimates
• Corrects astigmatism during the adjustment process with higher precision than pre-calculated toric IOLs
• Minimal halos and glare—comparable to monofocal, making it excellent for nighttime drivers
• Does not reduce contrast sensitivity—ideal for patients with glaucoma, dry eye, or mild macular issues7
• In the FDA trial of 600 patients, LAL patients were twice as likely to achieve 20/20 uncorrected distance compared to standard monofocal5
• Low explant rate (~0.7%)
• Ideal for Type A personalities who want maximum control and precision
• Especially beneficial for post-LASIK/PRK/RK patients where IOL calculations are less predictable8

Risks (with percentages)

• Mandatory UV-protective glasses: Must be worn at ALL times (indoors and outdoors) until lock-in is complete. Failure to comply can result in unintended power changes
• Extra office visits: 3–5 additional visits beyond standard cataract surgery
• Serious adverse events (SAE): 1.7% in FDA trial, including rare cystoid macular edema5
• Erythropsia (red-tinted vision): Transient; resolves after lock-in6
• Color vision changes: Difficulty distinguishing blue/violet/green; transient6
• Corneal abrasions: From the contact lens used during LDD treatment
• Not a multifocal: You may still need reading glasses for fine print
• Silicone material: If future retinal surgery requiring silicone oil is needed, this could be a complication
• Pupil dilation requirement: Pupils must dilate to ≥6.5–7.0 mm for adjustment; patients who cannot achieve this may not be candidates
• Potential UV retinal damage: Theoretical risk from LDD malfunction—not observed in clinical trials
• Herpes reactivation: Can activate pre-existing herpetic eye disease6
• Cost: $3,500–$5,000+ per eye (most expensive option); not covered by insurance

Which IOL Is Best for Special Conditions?

Glaucoma

Glaucoma causes progressive loss of contrast sensitivity and visual field. The key principle is: do not further reduce contrast sensitivity in an eye that is already losing it.

Mild/pre-perimetric glaucoma: EDOF (Vivity) has published evidence supporting its use. Ferguson et al. (2023) demonstrated that 52 eyes with mild open-angle glaucoma achieved mean UDVA of ~20/20, with 92% spectacle independence for distance and contrast sensitivity comparable to normative data.3 Kerr et al. (2023) found that Vivity IOLs provided significantly better intermediate and near vision than monofocal IOLs in early glaucoma patients, with 100% of EDOF patients “very satisfied” with distance and intermediate vision.4

Moderate-to-advanced glaucoma: A monofocal IOL or Light Adjustable Lens is recommended. The LAL does not diffract or scatter light and thus does not impair contrast sensitivity. It can provide outstanding glasses-free distance vision with the added benefit of post-operative adjustability.7 Multifocal IOLs should generally be avoided in moderate-to-severe glaucoma due to additional contrast sensitivity loss.

Macular Degeneration, Macular Holes, Epiretinal Membranes

Multifocal IOLs are generally NOT recommended in patients with macular pathology. Because multifocal lenses split light into multiple foci, an unhealthy macula cannot properly process the images at each focal point, leading to poor outcomes and dissatisfaction.

The LAL or monofocal lens is the safest choice for patients with macular disease, as neither relies on diffractive optics that depend on macular health. The LAL has the advantage of post-operative adjustability, which is particularly valuable when macular conditions make pre-operative predictions less reliable.

Dry Eye Disease

Severe dry eye causes an unstable tear film that scatters light irregularly. This disproportionately affects diffractive IOLs (multifocals and diffractive EDOFs) because their rings depend on a smooth, stable optical surface to work properly.

The LAL is often an excellent option for dry eye patients because dry eye can impact the accuracy of pre-operative measurements for traditional IOLs. Having the ability to adjust the prescription after the tear film has stabilized provides a significant advantage.7

Dementia and Cataract Surgery: What the Research Shows

Cataract Surgery May Reduce Dementia Risk

A landmark study by Lee et al. (2022) in JAMA Internal Medicine analyzed over 3,000 adults aged 65+ from the Adult Changes in Thought (ACT) study at Kaiser Permanente Washington. The researchers found that participants who underwent cataract surgery had a nearly 30% lower risk of developing dementia from any cause compared with those who did not have surgery (HR 0.71, 95% CI 0.62–0.83). This protective effect persisted for at least 10 years after surgery and was also seen specifically for Alzheimer’s disease.9

Importantly, glaucoma surgery did not show a similar protective effect—suggesting that the benefit is related to improved visual function rather than simply undergoing an eye procedure. The researchers hypothesized that cataract surgery restores high-quality sensory input to the brain and may reactivate blue-light-sensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) that regulate circadian rhythm and cognition.9

A large UK Biobank prospective cohort study (Ma et al., 2023) of 300,823 participants confirmed that untreated cataract increased dementia risk (HR 1.21 for all-cause dementia; HR 1.48 for Alzheimer’s), while cataract surgery was associated with decreased risk (HR 0.63 for all-cause dementia; HR 0.40 for Alzheimer’s) compared to the non-surgical group.10

A comprehensive 2024 meta-analysis published in Ophthalmology (Yeo et al.) pooling 24 studies with 558,276 participants found that cataract surgery was associated with a 25% reduced risk of long-term cognitive decline (HR 0.75, 95% CI 0.72–0.78).11

Which IOL for Patients with Dementia?

For patients who already have mild cognitive impairment or early dementia:

• A monofocal IOL is the safest and most straightforward choice. It requires no neuroadaptation, provides the best contrast sensitivity, and has the simplest post-operative course.
• The LAL may be challenging for dementia patients due to the requirement for UV-protective glasses compliance and multiple follow-up visits.

For patients with moderate to advanced dementia:

• Multifocal IOLs should generally be avoided. A 2025 study on brain adaptation following multifocal IOL implantation showed that patients with lower MMSE scores (an indicator of cognitive decline) had significantly slower visual recovery and adaptation, with the slower-adapting group averaging age 76 and the faster group averaging age 62.1
• Multifocal lenses require active neuroadaptation—the brain must learn to suppress unfocused images and select the correct focal point. Patients with dementia may not be able to achieve this neuroadaptation.

Bottom line: Cataract surgery itself appears to be protective against dementia, and patients with cognitive concerns should not delay surgery. However, in patients with existing cognitive impairment, a monofocal IOL is the safest choice to ensure the best contrast sensitivity and simplest post-operative course. For patients with mild cognitive changes who still have good insight and support, a monofocal toric or carefully selected EDOF lens may be considered on a case-by-case basis.

My Personal Choice

From my own eyes—because I still do a lot of nighttime driving—I would choose the Light Adjustable Lens as halos and glare would bother me at nighttime. The ability to customize the lens after surgery gives me the precision and control that matches my personality and lifestyle.

However, if I did not do much nighttime driving, I would absolutely choose a multifocal implant because I know it gives me the best chance of not needing glasses for distance, intermediate, and reading—the trifocal “holy grail” of cataract surgery outcomes.

I would absolutely not want a monofocal lens at this point because I am dying to get rid of the need for my glasses. The freedom from spectacles is worth the premium cost and the slight trade-offs that come with advanced technology IOLs.

Sandra Lora Cremers, MD, FACS

Board-Certified Ophthalmologist
Cataract, Refractive & Oculoplastic Surgeon
Visionary Eye Doctors • Rockville, MD
Host, “The Eye Show” Podcast
EyeDoc2020.blogspot.com

References (PubMed-Verified)

1. 1. Nishi T, et al. Clinical assessment of brain adaptation following multifocal intraocular lens implantation. BMC Ophthalmol. 2025;25:112. doi:10.1186/s12886-025-03928-y. PMID: 40050835. PMC11887361.
2. 2. Bala C, Poyales F, Gutiérrez E, et al. Multi-country clinical outcomes of a non-diffractive wavefront-shaping extended depth-of-focus intraocular lens. Clin Ophthalmol. 2022;16:361–373. doi:10.2147/OPTH.S338284. PMID: 35173406.
3. 3. Ferguson TJ, Wilson CW, Shafer BM, Berdahl JP, Terveen DC. Clinical outcomes of a non-diffractive extended depth-of-focus IOL in eyes with mild glaucoma. Clin Ophthalmol. 2023;17:861–868. doi:10.2147/OPTH.S404369. PMID: 36945324. PMC10024873.
4. 4. Kerr NM, Moshegov S, Lim S, Simos M. Visual outcomes, spectacle independence, and patient-reported satisfaction of the Vivity extended range of vision intraocular lens in patients with early glaucoma: an observational comparative study. Clin Ophthalmol. 2023;17:1515–1523. doi:10.2147/OPTH.S411561. PMID: 37273501. PMC10239241.
5. 5. FDA PMA P160055. Summary of Safety and Effectiveness Data: RxSight Light Adjustable Lens and Light Delivery Device. Approved November 2017. FDA.gov. (FDA trial of 600 patients: 403 LAL, 197 control).
6. 6. Schwartz DM. Light-adjustable lens. Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc. 2003;101:417–436. PMID: 14971588. PMC1358999. Also: EyeWiki — Light Adjustable Intraocular Lenses.
7. 7. Chang DF. The Light Adjustable Lens: What you should expect. ChangCataract.com. Also: Glaucoma Today 2018; RxSight Patient Guide. (Expert consensus: LAL does not impair contrast sensitivity, making it appropriate for glaucoma, dry eye, and mild macular pathology.)
8. 8. Jones M, Terveen DC, Berdahl JP, Thompson V, Kramer BA, Ferguson TJ. Clinical outcomes of the light-adjustable lens in eyes with a history of prior corneal refractive surgery. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2024;50(9):936–941. doi:10.1097/j.jcrs.0000000000001481. PMID: 38736178. PMC11338023.
9. 9. Lee CS, Gibbons LE, Lee AY, et al. Association between cataract extraction and development of dementia. JAMA Intern Med. 2022;182(2):134–141. doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2021.6990. PMID: 34870676. PMC8649913.
10. 10. Ma LZ, Zhang YR, Li YZ, et al. Cataract, cataract surgery, and risk of incident dementia: a prospective cohort study of 300,823 participants. Biol Psychiatry. 2023;93(9):810–819. doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2022.06.005. PMID: 35940935.
11. 11. Yeo BSY, Ong AYT, Ganasekar P, et al. Cataract surgery and cognitive benefits in the older person: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ophthalmology. 2024;131(7):828–839. doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2024.02.003. PMID: 38340812.
12. 12. Lee CS (Korean nationwide cohort). The effect of cataract surgery on the risk of dementia: a nationwide cohort study. J Clin Med. 2023;12(19):6361. doi:10.3390/jcm12196361. PMID: 37835023. PMC10607014.
13. 13. Xu Y, et al. Association of cataract extraction and the risk of dementia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Aging Neurosci. 2023;15:1168449. doi:10.3389/fnagi.2023.1168449. PMID: 37275540. PMC10248513.
14. 14. Chen M, et al. Association of cataract surgery with risk of dementia: a meta-analysis and systematic review of cohort studies with 720,075 participants. Arch Med Sci. 2024;20(6). doi:10.5114/aoms/196099. PMC11623179.

Disclaimer: This blog post is for educational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. All data presented are from FDA clinical trials and peer-reviewed publications. Individual results may vary. Please consult your ophthalmologist to determine which IOL is best for your specific clinical situation.